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Human Heart (CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM)

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HUMAN HEART 


HEART : 
               Heart is a muscular organ which pumps the blood through out the body with the help of circulatory system.

Information : 

The human heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries which provide oxygen and nutrients to body tissues by transporting the blood throughout the body.
 The heart is located in the thoracic cavity medial to the lungs and posterior to the sternum.

The circulatory system is composed of heart and blood vessels including arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. As a muscular organ, its main function is to propel the blood throughout the body.
It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes.

The heart has two sides, the right side and the left side. The heart has four chambers. The left and right side each have two chambers, a top chamber and a bottom chamber.
 The two top chambers are known as the left and right atria.
The atria receive blood from different sources. The left atrium receives blood from the lungs and the right atrium receives blood from the rest of the body. The bottom two chambers are known as the left and right ventricles.
 The ventricles pump blood out to different parts of the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs while the left ventricle pumps out blood to the rest of the body. The ventricles have much thicker walls than the atria which allows them to perform more work by pumping out blood to the whole body.

Functions :  simply saying, heart’s function is to…

  1. Take the blood from vena-cava(both superior and inferior) pump it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
2. After the lungs oxygenate the received       blood, blood is sent to the heart through     the pulmonary vein
 the heart then pumps the oxygenated   blood for the whole body through the   aorta.

3. Deoxygenated blood is received by the heart from the body through superior and inferior vena cava.

4. The superior vana-cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper region and inferior vena-cava(which is larger than the superior one) from the lower region of the body.

5.The blood from both the vena-cava is received by the right atrium. Right atrium also receives blood from coronary sinuses(vessels of the heart itself).

6. This blood (deoxygenated) flows into the right ventrical. The opening between the right aurical and ventrical is guarded by a bicuspid valve called the mitral valve. 

7. Now blood from right ventricle is pumped into the lungs(for oxygenation) through the pulmonary artery.

8.After the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it is again received by the heart…in the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. Now the blood from left atrium flows into the left ventricle. 
              The opening of the left atrium and ventricle is guarded by the tricuspid valve.
The left ventricle is now containing the oxygenated blood which is pumped through the aorta and reaches all the organs through arteries.

DISEASES : 

CORONARY HEART DISEASE :

Blockage in the coronary arteries is called coronary artery disease a condition in which the heart muscles don't get enough blood and oxygen. The most serious effect of coronary artery disease is sudden death without warning. This usually happens in individuals who have had heart attacks or other heart damage.

ISCHEMIA :

A form of coronary artery disease in which the blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced but produces very little pain or symptoms. When discomfort is experienced, it is usually during physical exertion.

Angina :

Angina is discomfort or pain that occurs when your heart is not getting enough oxygen and nutrients. Angina may be caused by a narrowing of the arteries or muscle spasms in the coronary arteries. These spasms may be induced by cigarette smoke, cold temperatures, strong emotions, and other sources. It is important to note that angina isn't a heart attack and doesn't usually cause permanent heart damage, even though it causes pain.

The causes of angina are generally atherosclerosis or coronary artery spasm. Angina is not the same for everyone. While it usually occurs when the heart is working harder than normal, such as after a meal or during physical or emotional stress, it can also occur when resting.

Traditionally, angina occurs primarily in the chest and radiates down the left arm. However, it can be any discomfort that radiates in the chest, across the shoulders, in the upper back, arms (both left and right), neck, throat, or jaw.

Symptoms of Angina  :

Aching
Burning
Cramping
Discomfort
Fullness
Heaviness
Indigestion
Numbness or Tinging
Pain
Pressure
Shortness of Breath
Sweating or Dizziness
Squeezing
Tightness

 HEART FAILURE :

 (congestive heart failure, or CHF) occurs when the heart is not able to pump sufficient oxygen-rich blood to meet the needs of the rest of the body. This may be due to lack of force of the heart to pump or as a result of the heart not being able to fill with enough blood. Some people have both problems.
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the four valves in the heart are not working properly. Heart valves help to ensure that the blood being pumped through the heart keeps flowing forward. Disease of the heart valves (e.g., stenosis, mitral valve prolapse) makes it difficult for the heart to work efficiently.
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) causes the heart to become enlarged or the walls of the heart to become thick. This causes the heart to be less able to pump blood throughout the body and often results in heart failure.


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